White House , Architecture Room

Probably the most famous room in the White House (at least in my understanding) is the East Room, home to some of the most memorable events in the building's history. The largest room in the house, it was originally refered to as the Public Audience Hall but the name was thought to sound too reminicent of a throne room and so has since been referred to as the more democratic sounding East Room. The room has changed notably from the 19th century. During Grants administration, the room was highly ridiculed as being 'steamboat Gothic', as seen below in 1873. Thanks heavens curators haven't decided to go back to this version of the room!The room's transformation was done most notably by the architectural firm McKim, Meade and White, seen here below in 1904. McKim based the Louis XVI design on the famous Salon de famille at the Chateau de Compiegne, seen below. The details were perhaps slightly less refined due to the limited headroom, but notice the same heirarchy of pilasters and paneled chair rail: a notable inspiration.Later, from 1949-1952, when the room was dismanteled during the remodeling of the white house, the original paneling was damaged and had to be recreated. The picture below shows a detail of the paneling today (ignore the switchplate cover which I thought was a bit hilarious -thats the best they can do?!). The paneling was done in a simpler fashion but is perhaps more elegant to my eye. Certainly, at the least the ceiling is preferable if not the paneling. During the Kennedy administration, Jacqueline Kennedy made her famous bid to save the quality and history of the White House. She hired notable interior designer Stephane Boudin who oversaw a lot of the elegant transformation of the interiors including painting the red marble fireplaces a clean white, seen above (which I wish would be brought back into the room; the Clinton's had the white paint removed). The curtains are of similar fabric to what Boudin chose although with a more complicated valance, done by Mrs. Bush. The gilded valances are original to the McKim renovation of the room.The Aubusson styled carpets were installed by the Clintons to help preserve the wood floors.During the holidays, the central window curtains are opened to display a Creche. In most images I've ever seen, these curtains have been closed for whatever reason -is it the view?In this image from 1920 below, you can see a different window configuration from the McKim renovation which I prefer. I suppose during the Truman administration, when the room was changed and simplified, only the central window made the cut?The beautiful mahogany doors and doorframes, seen below, are original to the room from 1815 when the room was first finished after the burning of the White House. Prior to that it was partitioned into spaces as needed, including Abigail Adams hanging her laundry here! The theme in this years decoration is the peacock, which I think is a lovely color combination with the gold.

Join me tomorrow to see the State Dining Room.

Spanish Revival Homes

The Spanish Revival is an architectural style, rather an American rendition of the original Spanish architectural styles that came into the prominence in the early part of the 20th century, with many houses being built according to that style in the states of California and Florida. The typical houses that are built on the basis of this style of architecture stands out for the fact that the designs of the doors and windows are rounded and the columns of these buildings are rounded almost 95% of the times with intricate works on the columns.

Although this style of architecture is limited to mostly the states that have some sort of a Spanish population such as Texas, California as well as Florida, the plans of the Spanish Revival homes draws their inspiration from the ancient Spanish architecture, which, in its time was considered to be among the best styles of architecture in the whole world. The heritage and almost 75% of the architectural details are drawn from the Spanish-American colonial history.

The most intriguing as well as interesting feature about this style of architecture is that they have a very high level of ornamentation, as said before. The mostly rounded columns have some level of carvings near the top and the bottom that depict the history of the Spanish people as well as the history of Christianity, from the birth of Jesus to his crucifixion and so on an so forth. There are some other truly modern carvings that depict the abstractness of the modern world.

Most of these homes built according to the architectural designs of the Spanish Revival have roofs that are tiled using red tiles as well as stuccoes that one would mostly expect to see in houses in the Mediterranean region of Western Europe. This gives the homes a very romantic appeal, something that the Spanish are known to be famous for along with their Italian counterparts.

Another important feature of these Spanish Revival homes is that the walls are very thick, which makes the interiors of the houses to be very cool indeed and hence, these buildings are just perfect for the hot and humid climate toward the south of the United States of America. The windows and doors of the typical houses that are built on this design have wrought iron hardware; the columns are very heavily carved apart from shaped, usually rounded. The floor is treated with ceramic tiles or patterned tiles that are also very typical of the styles of architecture and design used in Spain, rather in older Spanish architectures. The heavy ornamentation is very common to the house plan of the Spanish Revival and these lend the homes a very old school, classy and immensely romantic feel.

Dutch Colonial Architecture - Introduction

Dutch Colonial architecture provides an attractive glimpse into America's early homestead history. Dutch Colonial architecture has also been commonly used in luxury homes, and is often preferred for its adaptive features and distinct decorative touches.

Classic barn-style roofing sets Dutch Colonial homes apart from other homes. Barns were built with these roofs to maximize space on the second floor, and even allow for a hayloft on the third floor, and Dutch Colonial homes offer similar benefits - it's common to see three story homes built in this manner.Other characteristics of Dutch Colonial architecture include include side entrances, central double Dutch doorways, asymmetrical layouts, ground level porches, double hung sash windows, and a chimney at one or both ends.

Many older Dutch Colonial homes also include eyebrow dormer windows and open wheel windows on the third story. Opinions vary on the origin of the Dutch Colonial style. Unlike most other architectural styles, Dutch Colonial was developed exclusively for homes, and isn't generally found on public or commercial buildings.

Most Dutch Colonial homes standing today should actually be referred to as "Dutch Colonial Revival" buildings. Twentieth Century versions of the Dutch Colonial style tend to vary considerably in size, layout and features.

Dutch Colonial architecture provides an attractive glimpse into America's early homestead history. Dutch Colonial architecture has also been commonly used in luxury homes, and is often preferred for its adaptive features and distinct decorative touches.

Classic barn-style roofing sets Dutch Colonial homes apart from other homes. Barns were built with these roofs to maximize space on the second floor, and even allow for a hayloft on the third floor, and Dutch Colonial homes offer similar benefits - it's common to see three story homes built in this manner.Other characteristics of Dutch Colonial architecture include include side entrances, central double Dutch doorways, asymmetrical layouts, ground level porches, double hung sash windows, and a chimney at one or both ends.

Many older Dutch Colonial homes also include eyebrow dormer windows and open wheel windows on the third story. Opinions vary on the origin of the Dutch Colonial style. Unlike most other architectural styles, Dutch Colonial was developed exclusively for homes, and isn't generally found on public or commercial buildings.

Most Dutch Colonial homes standing today should actually be referred to as "Dutch Colonial Revival" buildings. Twentieth Century versions of the Dutch Colonial style tend to vary considerably in size, layout and features.

The Art Of Architecture - Edinburgh Architect

The word Architecture derived from a Greek word "Arkitekton", and is the art and science of rising up huge buildings and other physical structures.

Architecture consists of planning and product, designing and construction of huge infrastructure. Nowadays due to the high advancements in the modern technology, everything has become very easy for humankind. More and more Architects are coming up with new ideas and concepts to build an everlasting building, which can with can withstand any natural calamities at any cost. Architecture today refers to the designing, all sorts of system in the field of Information technology.

Due to complexities of buildings in this modern era, which eventually gave rise to Morden architecture, but this requires a lot of time, space and man power. During the last two decades and century, the millennium year, drastic change has been brought about in this field.

When urbanization took place, this created a great impact on the Environment, ultimately an imbalance in the natural environment. In order to bring about a change without any fatal impacts there is an architect called "Conservation architect" is being practiced.

Its main objective is to see that Urbanization does not bring about an ecological imbalance, and to maintain without disturbing its original state. Government has made it mandatory that it is necessary that anybody have get permission in order to build infrastructures. Conservation architect is a blessing to this modern era of this people. This is not a revolution but an evolution.

Scotland is the capital of Edinburg and it is known to be renowned city only for its unique architecture. There are famous architectures that have been completed here which mainly include Norman Foster, Robert Adam, and Enric Miralles. The city consists of manly two parts that is George New town and medieval old town. Edinburgh Architect is known for itsGreat architecture, this one of the wonders, people from all around the globe come here to visit this place, which consists of all the modern infrastructures.

The university of Edinburgh Architecture Research (EAR), is a non –profitable, academic journal, which is published for every thirty years. Where it is an element, consisting of all the reviews and suggestions for the betterment of the prestigious institution.

Edinburgh architect has a unique form of association, which is very much essential to date architectural news, CPD and many other social events in Edinburgh chapter area.

Edinburgh castle, that exists now is a started in 1367, and includes many important buildings like the Great hall, which also now exists as a warehouse for armor and weapons. Royal apartments also consist of a little wood panel room, the place where Mary, the queen had given birth to her son, who later also became King James VI.

Therefore, this is a fabulous opportunity for the tourist to have a look into Edinburgh. Consisting of an antique collection. Historic monuments are still there and the government is striving to bring things under control and made strict rules and regulations to preserve the antique monuments, which gives us ethic values even now.

Lovely Asian Pergola - Exotic Oriental Architecture

The perfect accent for any Japanese garden motif is an Asian pergola. These classic buildings add to the exotic appeal of your garden while providing you with a defined space for conversation, relaxation, or entertaining. Surrounded by Japanese-style plants, this pergola will easily become the focal point of your entire yard, and building one isn't as difficult as it may seem. Many companies on the Internet offer selections of Asian pergolas that are ready-built and come in kit form which can save you a lot of money over having a structure custom-built.

Even if you don't have a Japanese garden, you'll find that many people like to present a multi-cultural feel with their landscaping. One of the ways to make the architecture on your property look especially nice is by varying it and including a number of different styles. Diversity adds interest, and by varying the styles of architecture you use for your home, your pergola, your arbor, your deck, and other architectural features, you'll create a truly interesting and unmatched atmosphere.

Asian styles are associated with Zen and serenity. How better to create an idyllic oasis where you can sit and read or contemplate life than to build an Asian pergola in a secluded spot in your yard? Add some comfortable furniture, and you'll have the perfect environment where you can go in order to escape your worries, even if it's just for a little while.

Keep in mind when you build a pergola you need to take city building codes into account. You don't want to build your structure too close to the property line, for example, because it won't be easy to try and move it later on if your neighbor complains. Watch out for utility lines running under your property, and choose a spot where you aren't going to get a lot of water run-off. Taking care of all these little details first is going to mean more hassle-free enjoyment later one.

Does your landscape seem blah and like it's missing something? Maybe an Asian pergola would be just the thing to give it the pizazz you're looking for. Asian pergola kits come in many sizes and styles, and you'll be able to find one that will look just right on your property. Remember, it isn't necessary that it match the architectural style of any other buildings you might have. Your kit will come with step-by-step instructions so that you can build it yourself if you have basic carpentry skills, or you can choose to seek professional assistance in order to get a wonderful pergola built right in your back yard.

Highlights of Italian Art and Architecture

Every year millions of visitors trek through Italy in search of ancient culture, great food, art, architecture, and more. The allure is immediate even to those who have never been.

There is more art and architecture to see in Italy than one person could possibly
experience in a lifetime. Rome, Florence, and Venice alone offer an unending array
of design excursions. Highlighted here are some of the must see designs of both
ancient and modern Italy. Talk a trip, bring a sketch book, and see the gorgeous art
and design that is synonymous with Italian life.

The Coliseum - An architectural marvel, the coliseum was built beginning
in 72 A.M. Originally used as a source of entertainment (usually forced barbaric
combat) the Coliseum is still an amazing site. Strangely, although it could be
considered a source of embarrassment of the past, it has been come to known as
one of the ultimate icons of ancient Roman greatness. Location: the Piazza del
Colosseo, Via dei Fori Imperiali, Rome

Vatican City - This tiny country is perhaps one of the most remarkable
aspects of Rome. Vatican City is the heart of Catholicism, both spiritually and
politically. St. Peter himself was crucified on this spot, and St. Peter's basilica was
built directly above the ancient hill. Both the Basilica and St. Peter's square are still
studied today in architecture and art history classes. You can wander the Vatican
Museums for days, including a visit to the Sistine Chapel, to see some of the true
masterpieces of Roman art. Location: Entry through Saint Peter's Square, Rome

Il Duomo (The Cathedral of Santa Maria Dei Fiori) - Il Duomo is considered
by many to be the grandest achievement in Renaissance architecture. The octagonal
dome, originally designed by Brunelleschi was the largest in the world when built.
Since then, Il Duomo , which took nearly six centuries to complete, has become
Florence's symbol. Climb the 414 steps of the bell tower, and Renaissance Florence
will be laid before you. Location: Piazza del Duomo, Florence.

Piazza San Marco - Piazza San Marco is still studied today by architects
and urban planners as one of the most beautiful and successful public squares. The
square is surrounded by cafes, shops, and of course the Campanile and St. Peter's
Basilica. Visitors and locals alike sip espresso in its cafes, meet to talk, and climb
the Campanile to see an amazing view of Venice. Location: Piazza San Marco, with
the Basilica at the wider end, Venice.

The Peggy Guggenheim Collection - In a city world reknown for its
ancient art and architecture, the Guggenheim Collection houses one of the greatest
collections of modern art. her collection includes works by Pollack, Picasso, Klee,
Rothko, Chagall, Mondrian, and more. There is also a gorgeous sculpture garden
housing even more works. Location: Calle Venice dei Leoni, Dorsoduro, Venice.

The Brion Vega Cemetery - The Brion Vega is considered one of Carlo
Scarpa's masterpieces. Scarpa was and still is often considered the premier modern
Italian architect. The memorial is a great concrete and landscaped form if rectilinear,
stepping, and sculptural concrete elements. It is an amazing pilgrimage for the
architecture buff. Location: San Vito d'Altivole.

You can wander Italy for ages and never take in all of the art and architecture. Still,
the sites listed above are some of the must sees for lovers of art, architecture, and
travel. Open your eyes and see the Italian design that has been around for centuries,
and that which continues to flourish today.

Apartment house - The Social Low Income Housing

In the majority of the countries to needy citizens give possibility to rent apartment in a municipal apartment house. It's the house constructed on financial assets of the city budget, being in the property and municipality management (or the specialised organisation), for example: «the municipal house» in Sweden, «communes» in Italy, «HLM» in France.

The Social Low Income Housing

The needy family which has given official inquiry in the social organisation, has an opportunity to rent apartment in this house (for a special reduced price, but only — without the privatisation right).

Municipal payments in the low income housing approximately on 50% are paid from the local budget. In some countries (for example, in Holland) the social grant depends on the cumulative income of tenants, for example: the cumulative income above, the social grant is less, and on the contrary.

Roman Architecture - Fusion of traditional Greek and the Etruscan elements

Roman architecture is a fusion of traditional Greek and the Etruscan elements, where arches were developed and horizontal beams were supported by columns. Later, three dimensional counterpart of the arch, namely the dome was introduced. Apart from this, Roman architects found their inspiration from the Greek architecture at large.

The basic building materials of the Roman architecture are stones, developed concrete, and highly expensive marble. The idea behind mosaic, a decoration of colorful chips of stone inset into cement, was brought from Greece. Roman homes joined the well known mural decorating floors, walls, and grottoes in geometric and pictorial designs.

Architecture of the Romans was always eclectic and was characterized by varying styles attributed to different regional tastes and diverse preferences of a wide range of patrons. In general, Roman monuments were designed to serve the needs of their patrons rather than to express the artistic ability of their makers.

Roman architecture was also considered to be an exact copy of the Greek building style. But, the Romans have also contributed to the classical architectural styles. The two developments of Roman buildings styles are the tuscan and composite orders. Tuscan is a shortened, simplified variant on the doric order of the Greek style. Composite is a tall order with the floral decoration of the Corinthian and the scrolls of the ionic building style of the Greeks.

The Roman Colosseum is the best-known amphitheatre in the world, which is more correctly termed the Amphitheatrum Flavium, after the Flavian dynasty that built it. The Pantheon is a building in Rome, which was originally built as a temple to the seven deities of the seven planets of the Roman state religion. Since 7th century, it has been a Christian church. The Colosseum and the Pantheon are some of the buildings built during this period.

Roman contribution to the architecture of the modern world is the development of concrete for building purposes. And the other contribution is the Empire's style of architecture that can be still seen throughout Europe and North America in the arches and domes of many governmental and religious buildings.

Pisa Architecture

Pisa is a small town with a population of less than 100,000 located in the north of Italy. Pisa is known primarily for its leaning tower; however, there are some other tourist attractions in Pisa worthy of a look round. Pisa has a long history and served as a strategic naval base during Roman times.

Pisa rose to occupy the apex in military and economic fronts during the 12th century when it was regarded as a major maritime force and trading city as a result of which the major part of its architecture could be dated back to the 12th century. We have mentioned a few of the tourist spots in Pisa below.

It is the Leaning Tower that is most famous not only in Pisa but the whole of Italy. It has acquired fame because of its deformity. Nevertheless it attracts hundreds from across the world who relish in taking pictures of the Leaning Tower.

Access inside the leaning tower of Pisa is constricted due to safety consideration though it is possible to gain entrance if you arrive early enough in the day before the daily quota of people allowed inside the tower has been hit. Admission to the leaning tower of Pisa costs 15 and it's best to reserve your place in advance.

The baptistery in Pisa is where the most of residents in medieval Pisa would have been baptised into the Christian faith. The initial structure of the baptistery in Pisa dates back to the 12th century though it was not fully finished until two hundred years later.

As a consequence this piece of architecture in Pisa is very beautiful as it embraces both Romanesque and Gothic influences. Once inside the baptistery you can find the pool-like shape carved out in the middle of the building which would have been filled with water and into which people would have been submerged as part of the baptism process.

The Cathedral in Pisa is an excellent example of Romanesque architecture that is so typical of the Tuscany region of Italy.

The building dates back to the 11th century and the grandiose interior is held up by 68 columns. Aesthetic highlights of a visit to Pisa Cathedral consists of the green and white marble interiors. Entrance to this sightseeing site in Pisa costs 2.

For those wanting to do some sightseeing in Pisa at a more comfortable pace, there are boat tours available that travel down the River Arno from which most of Pisa's sights can be viewed. Tickets cost about 5.

See Beautiful Architecture - Panama And Old Panama City Architecture

Panama's geographic location gives it strategic significance. Throughout history, it's been an important place for each of the countries it has been controlled by. At just 80 miles long with thin regions perfect for bringing together two oceans, it wasn't long before a powerhouse nation took notice and took advantage. In the sixteenth century, Spain made the territory into a crossroads of international waters and a necessary mercantile base for its empire.

Spain conveyed its assets in ships to the port of Portobelo in the region of Colon. From there, donkeys and canoes transferred the inventory across the isthmus to Panama City for dispersal to all of its colonies in America.

All the money and goods in constant transit eventually attracted English pirates and mercenaries like Francis Drake, attacker of Portobelo in 1596, and Henry Morgan, arsonist of the first City of Panama in 1671. The city was later moved to the Casco Antiguo, in what's at this time the current capital. The new city became the focal point for the advancement of the nation.

Encouraged by the liberation of other Latin American countries, Panama stated its own independence from Spain in November of 1821. The decision came as no shock given that discussions with Spain had dwindled long earlier. Nevertheless, the road to independence was so peaceful for Panama that it was celebrated by Simon Bolivar, South America's liberation fighter.

Once it separated from Spain, Panama freely joined the Great Colombia, Bolivars aspiration for a great new Latin American nation. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama were all part of up his new land.

At first, this historic union significantly aided Panama. It shaped a different image of Latin American leadership with the purpose of boundless regional growth. This moment in time also marked a high point around the globe as the United States was given authorization to erect the earliest intercontinental railroad.

However, the Panamanian desire to become a liberated and sovereign nation, backed by the United States, guided Panama to complete its independence from Colombia as of November 3, 1903.

The building and finishing of the Panama Canal by the Americans began in 1904. It was deemed the eighth wonder of the world by many. The French were the earliest to take on in this enormous undertaking. They failed due to harsh conditions, tropical illnesses and terrible management. The Americans took note of the unsuccessful attempt and agreed to go on with the engineering of the Canal and the improvement of the Canal Zone. This phase changed Panama for good, once more establishing the country as a bridge for the world and a base for a prosperous financial society.

Panama is today one of the most developed countries in Central America and enjoys one of the most constant, steady economies and swift tourism industries in the Americas. It has the benefit of a fresh, new and healthy democracy. It is thought to be a secure, diplomatic and thriving nation.

Currently, Panama oversees the canal, which is going through an expansion. This is a nation always evolving, featuring an international banking base, lucrative legal firms, insurance agencies, call centers, expensive malls, as well as delightful cultural diversity, enviable ecological treasures and active tourism.

Architecture and Italian Art | World Architecture

Millions of visitors voyage to and through Italy every year in the search of it's ancient culture. The great food, art, and architecture.

There is more art and architecture to see in Italy than a person could possibly see in an entire lifetime. The three cities of Rome, Florence, and Venice alone offer an inexhaustible choice of art excursions.

Here are a few things you simply must see if you're on your own voyage seeking Italian art, either ancient or modern.

The Coliseum
The Coliseum is an artistic wonder that was originally used as an entertainment venue and is still an amazing site to see. Curiously, although it could consider a source of embarrassment of the past, it has come to be known as an icon from the ancient Roman period.

Vatican City
Vatican City is actually a tiny country and is perhaps one of the most remarkable aspects of Rome. As any Catholic will tell you Vatican City is the heart of Catholicism, both spiritually and politically. St. Peter himself was crucified on this spot, and St. Peter's basilica was built directly above the ancient hill. Even today Basilica and St. Peter's square are studies in architecture. Both often the subject of many art history classes. Visitors who go to the Vatican Museums and the Sistine Chapel are treated to see some of the true masterpieces of Roman art.

Piazza San Marco
Piazza San Marco is still studied today by urban architects and planners as a one of the most beautiful public places on earth. The square is surrounded by coffee houses, quaint little shops, and of coarse Campanile and St. Peter's Basilica. Tourists and locals mingle or sit and sip in its coffee houses, or meet to talk, and climb the Campanile to see the amazing view of Venice.

The Peggy Guggenheim Collection
In a city world renown for its ancient art and architecture, the Guggenheim Collection houses one of the greatest collections of modern art anywhere in the world. It's a collection that includes works by Pollack, Picasso, Klee, Rothko, Chagall, Mondrian, and more. There is also a splendid sculpture garden housing many other works of art.

In reality one could certainly wander Italy for many years and never experience all of it's great art and architecture. The I've listed and briefly discussed are a mere thumbnail sketches of what's available to an art lover touring in Italy.

Indian Architecture | World Architecture

History has a lot of proof about our original art and architecture. The olden era highly patronized art forms. Architecture was the chief skill of many artists. The rulers also had a penchant for palatial residence and multiple dwellings which gave a lot of opportunity for artists to explore their contemporary works. With each era the architecture and style changed as per the rulers. The Moguls brought in a lot of change and the Taj Mahal is an example of their idea of aesthetic architecture in its finest forms.

The temples of Khajuraho are the original format of stone sculpture that goes about telling the story as per Hindu mythology. Temple architecture is also related to geography. The Nagara style is the replication of certain structures found in the temples of Madhya Pradesh which makes a great impression in its stylized creation. The alluring colors in green, red, orange and blue are very typical of the gopura temple architecture of Tamil Nadu. This is accentuated with lots of images of Gods and Goddesses.

Wooden idols are also a feature of sculpture work in the temples of South India. Many temples in Kerala have the cave temples of Shiva and Shakti which is beautified with the artistic lamps in the natural style of lighting. The stone carvings are highly authentic and it is amazing to see the temples retain its luster for so many years. The Hoysala art and the innovations brought in by artists during the Chola dynasty are distinct and remarkable.

With many improvements in the architectural elements and show casing, a lot of change is now felt in the Indian architecture. Though there are different schools of thought in the architecture, one can see a lot of contemporary style juxtaposed with modern concepts. Art schools also include in-depth exploration of the original styles in Indian architecture which is well adopted my upcoming architects.

Urban buildings, clubs are also the styles in modern architecture are undertaken by established architects who conform to the requirements of city dwelling. Preserving monuments and other architectural pieces like forts and dams is carried on a large scale by the Government to retain our rich heritage.

Classic architecture in London

Taj Mahal Architecture | World Architecture

The Taj Mahal is the one among the Seven Wonders of World. The beauty of Taj is worth appreciating for its legendary history and wonderful architecture. This epitome of love is a source for inspiration for many since ages. Tourists are bewitched by the magnificent sight of Taj Mahal. One visit to experience the architectural beauty of Taj is a must for everyone. And once there, you will obviously feel like re-visiting it.

Taj Mahal Tours

Bagging the top list of New Seven Wonders of the World for one more time, has just multiplied the enthusiasm of the visitors to explore the architectural marvel of this wonderful structure in marble, our very own Taj Mahal. Taj Mahal is the finest specimen of architecture. Visitors to Taj Mahal are simply awestruck by the exquisite architectural excellence. The transcendent Taj is often described as India's "Jewel in the Crown", which certainly Taj is. For many centuries, visitors have been coming and seeing the beauty of Taj to appreciate the charming site.

Origin of Taj Mahal

The elegance of Indo Islamic architecture of Taj still attracts the lovers, poets, composers, tourists, travelers, architects, archaeologists alike. Unraveling the mysteries of Taj Mahal is quite interesting. Legend has it that Taj Mahal would not have been a reality had not Prince Khurram, Shah Jahan, seen and fallen in love with Arjumand Bano Begu, Mumtaz Mahal.

Their love at first sight solemnized into marriage and Mumtaz asked Shah Jahan to grant her wishes. Of four wishes, the one was to build a tomb in her memory which would not have seen or made ever before.

Shah Jahan fulfilled the dream of his beloved wife and the rest is history. The opulence of Taj Mahal works like a magic on the beholders. It casts a spell and the beholder is simply amazed by the splendid extravaganza of mysticism. It boasts of being the most enduring symbol of love in the world and one of the most sought after tourist attraction.

Architecture of Taj Mahal

The construction of Taj Mahal required great artistry and mastery. The magnum opus was not built just out of blue. Much pains had been taken for the designing and erection of this grand edifice. The present Taj is an outcome of skill, experience, expertise and diligence of about twenty thousand labors and artisans. The period of its construction is not less amusing. It took twenty two years to transmute this dream of Mumtaz into an epitome of eternal love. Started in 1632, the construction culminated in 1654.

Not only a long duration of erection but the amount of royal treasure spent on its construction is also stunning. If historians are to believed, it is said that Shah Jahan had spent thirty two million rupees from the royal treasury and had consulted several experts form Middle East and Europe. Master craftsmen were imported all the way from Qannauj, Lahore, Multan, Baghdad, Shiraz and Bukhara to make the wonderful piece of marble.

A fleet of one thousand elephants transported the construction material sourced from different parts of India and Central Asia. Twenty eight different kinds of rare, precious, and semi precious stones were used in the inlay work embellishing Taj.

The architectural complex of Taj Mahal comprise of five main elements:

The darwaza or the main gateway

The Baggecha or the garden

The Masjid or the Mosque

The Naqqar Khana or the Rest House

The Rauza or the Mausoleum

Gateway of Taj is built in pure red sandstone and measures 30 meters in height. The gateway is inscribed in apparently uniform lettering with a "Promise of Allah" (verses) from Koran. The garden of the Taj covers the entire area between the main gateway and the foot of the edifice. The layout of Taj Garden is in the formula of four with two intersecting marble canals studded with fountains and edged with cypress tress. The tomb of Taj is in square plan with chamfered corners. Entry to the mausoleum is through the southern portal. The slender minarets are crowned with eight windowed cupolas that accent the central structure.

Roman Architecture | World Architecture

Roman architecture is a fusion of traditional Greek and the Etruscan elements, where arches were developed and horizontal beams were supported by columns. Later, three dimensional counterpart of the arch, namely the dome was introduced. Apart from this, Roman architects found their inspiration from the Greek architecture at large.

The basic building materials of the Roman architecture are stones, developed concrete, and highly expensive marble. The idea behind mosaic, a decoration of colorful chips of stone inset into cement, was brought from Greece. Roman homes joined the well known mural decorating floors, walls, and grottoes in geometric and pictorial designs.

Architecture of the Romans was always eclectic and was characterized by varying styles attributed to different regional tastes and diverse preferences of a wide range of patrons. In general, Roman monuments were designed to serve the needs of their patrons rather than to express the artistic ability of their makers.

Roman architecture was also considered to be an exact copy of the Greek building style. But, the Romans have also contributed to the classical architectural styles. The two developments of Roman buildings styles are the tuscan and composite orders. Tuscan is a shortened, simplified variant on the doric order of the Greek style. Composite is a tall order with the floral decoration of the Corinthian and the scrolls of the ionic building style of the Greeks.

The Roman Colosseum is the best-known amphitheatre in the world, which is more correctly termed the Amphitheatrum Flavium, after the Flavian dynasty that built it. The Pantheon is a building in Rome, which was originally built as a temple to the seven deities of the seven planets of the Roman state religion. Since 7th century, it has been a Christian church. The Colosseum and the Pantheon are some of the buildings built during this period.

Roman contribution to the architecture of the modern world is the development of concrete for building purposes. And the other contribution is the Empire's style of architecture that can be still seen throughout Europe and North America in the arches and domes of many governmental and religious buildings.

Living Room Design- Classic Style

Classic Style-Living Room Design

Your Living Room - Interior Modern and Classic Style

Living room dominated by the colored element of the land, from the color of the land of brown, to cream. From his appearance, this space applied the style of the classic and modern arrangement. Apart from the color, there is heterogeneous the characteristics that made living room atmosphere classic and modern. For example, the appearance in furniture. To some single chair, there was the appearance decorated the hands support. The combination of color, brown and gold. The existence of the appearance and the blend of the element of the color of brown and the gold became the application marker of the classic element. The black element became the marker that this space wanted to produce modern nuances. The application of this black color was seen in the table have material wood. There were also several colored accessories black other that was placed there. For example, the velvet pillow had a motive the rose and the long table under television